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Prostate Cancer
What is the prostate?
The prostate gland is part of the male reproductive system. It
is about the same size of a walnut and weighs only about an ounce.
The prostate is located below the bladder and in front of the rectum.
The prostate surrounds a tube called the urethra that carries urine
from the bladder out from the penis. The main function of the prostate
is to produce fluid for semen.
What is Prostate Cancer?
Prostate Cancer is a disease that affects the cells of the prostate.
Normally, cells grow and divide in an orderly way. Sometimes this
normal process of cell growth can go wrong. If the cells continue
to divide when they’re not supposed to, they can form a tumor.
Cancerous prostate tumors can block the flow of urine and, if untreated,
can spread to other parts of the body.
What are some early detection tools for Prostate Cancer?
· A simple blood test measures the level of a protein called
Prostate - specific Antigen (PSA). Normally, PSA is found in the blood
at very low levels. Elevated PSA readings can be a sign of prostate
cancer.
· DRE - The digital rectal exam (DRE) involves the physician
inserting a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to feel the
prostate for signs of cancer. This test is simple, safe and only
slightly uncomfortable.
What are the warning signs of Prostate Cancer?
· Difficulty urinating
· A need to urinate more often
· Blood in urine
· A burning or painful sensation when urinating.
· Pain in pelvis, lower back or upper thighs.
These symptoms can also be signs of many other noncancerous diseases.
How will my Doctor make a diagnosis of Prostate Cancer?
If the PSA or DRE tests suggest the presence of cancer, your urologist
will discuss the option of a biopsy. A biopsy is the surgical removal
of a small sample of tissue. Biopsies are performed usually in the
doctor’s office.
When is a Prostate Biopsy needed?
Although an abnormal DRE or an elevated PSA may suggest the presence
of prostate cancer, a diagnosis of cancer can only be confirmed
by a prostate biopsy. Biopsies are minimally invasive procedures.
A small amount of prostate tissue is removed by a needle inserted
through the rectum. An ultrasound probe is used to guide the needle.
Usually this procedure is performed usually performed as an outpatient
procedure without anesthesia.
What are treatment methods for prostate cancer?
· Surveillance (watchful waiting)
· Surgery
· Radiation Therapy
· Hormone Therapy
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